钻井英语术语(1)
钻井工程术语 terms of well drilling engineering6 F" E4 |! F+ s* U8 G* J3 Q
（一）、井的基本概念 basic concept of a well
/ O& S/ Y3 F$ w井 well$ m1 B, `2 z5 ?# K- l* A
井口 wellhead
1 }1 z6 n: }% i) \/ }: t9 |井底 hole bottom$ _& D! r3 _: W0 H$ P
井壁 well wall8 T2 M( r. n( K7 i
环空 annulus
# ?8 y. W6 ]# A) I井深 well depth
* H3 n6 O7 n' U4 [) x5 m裸眼 openhole, D$ s6 _$ A7 k4 x. e1 ~) `; r( C( ~
井身结构 casing program4 [: L: J# E9 a! y% K
（二）、井的类别 well type
3 M% j% E6 I Z- g5 s探井 exploratory well$ @9 |/ d- z: {$ c/ I7 j
开发井 development well' e& `+ Z$ Z6 J2 Z0 f' Q
直井 straight well7 j, U0 r& v& P; Y7 w
（三）、钻井方法 drilling method
T# l9 H! g5 ~: n$ b7 D' _. u顿钻钻井 cable tool drilling
2 Z9 q0 n! p" R- q" i4 K旋转钻井 rotary drilling
( F3 ^5 J) u5 P) }- f5 T2 T转盘钻井 rotary drilling
- a2 u, D! ^( c. M7 _5 c/ y& ~顶驱钻井 top drive drilling
% c1 k$ A, i* Y* w+ X+ `+ v# X) u涡轮钻井 turbodrilling6 H7 e3 ?+ r N- h6 R5 `& U! f
螺杆钻井 Dyna-drilling% N/ D% g: K+ ^$ W# P1 t
电动钻井 electric drilling
" m8 z9 w/ y C' d5 J（四）、钻井种类 kinds of drilling
0 y$ N! E8 b7 S, K2 Y1 ]海上钻井 offshore drilling
, }5 R+ Z3 L- S" ~沙漠钻井 desert drilling3 ^$ B) R5 F& q( o6 c
清水钻井 water drilling
( n; v6 w/ l8 y; S8 v空气钻井 air drilling
( S4 \$ f/ N v: }# l; I泡沫钻井 foam drilling% a; Z+ Q5 g! x. v
雾化钻井 mist drilling% z- f ~5 Z: w5 q: S, l) e8 }
平衡压力钻井 balanced pressure drilling& l8 E; K# S. Q
欠平衡压力钻井 underbalanced drilling
5 y' p, d4 _+ N2 |; O/ U/ j' J近平衡压力钻井 near balanced drilling
: s0 u9 ?, c' T小井眼钻井 smil-hole drilling/ ]* \# i/ I8 {) e( J. s5 Q
取心钻井 core drilling& q+ N1 T$ S0 h. Q
工程报废井 engineering abandoned well( @, }2 z( Z; N7 V% c2 f
钻井设计 well design
, J; F' Y W* ^. N) G钻井工程质量 drilling engineering quality
$ c) u, i, j# z8 I: m/ o钻井工序 drilling process
9 D9 ]0 p M$ t d& g7 N钻井进度 drilling progress- p% c0 ^6 b( S& u
钻井条件 drilling condition1 y1 _; f6 i* e8 |: X, u' d1 e
（五）、岩石的物理机械性及可钻性 rock physical mechanical properties and drillability7 O( K4 K9 {+ `5 b
岩石的物理机械性 rock mechanical properties) j5 D& v2 ]# o5 L/ C- j
矿物的微硬度 mineral microhardness
# G: v8 m- K" r2 v) W3 t ?岩石的微硬度 rock microhardness0 @$ ]* ]3 w( b+ y' t
岩石的硬度rock hardness
0 ]' K% }+ P) T7 s& o( D; r& x肖氏岩石硬度 Shore’s hardness (0--140)- m1 G& J" c4 Q0 |, w6 ?
史氏岩石硬度 Shi’s hardness
& `0 `% ^/ ^5 F# S( d3 \, h" W. p孪晶 twinning3 k& B6 |0 m3 R; P
矿物的弹性模量 mineral elastic modulus. X; W( G; r) f0 e- Y
岩石的弹性模量 rock elastic modulus
* U4 n7 B" p( N矿物的泊松比 mineral Poisson’s ratio4 @+ n$ m! q' K: R
岩石的泊松比 rock Poisson’s ratio1 u8 L. n7 G7 \8 n9 X( i
矿物的切变模量 mineral shear modulus
4 m( @, K4 Z0 d3 |岩石的切变模量rock shear modulus
# |! q4 P: Z' L) T矿物和岩石的体积压缩系数（β） rock and mineral bulk compressibility modulus( w/ g+ _& O* R- T
简单应力条件下岩石的强度 rock strength under simple stress0 E6 O; U5 H+ K3 ?0 g
复杂应力条件下岩石的强度 rock strength under complex stress( B: Q, a7 ^! H; {- {5 W
岩石的抗拉伸的强度 rock tensile strength( z7 V5 N& m3 B) a
岩石的直接拉伸试验 direct rock tensile test
9 }/ l' }/ @; J岩石的巴西劈裂抗拉伸试验 rock Brazilian test
6 j$ o3 u. R/ R1 O, f………………………..σt=P/(πr0t)6 I; z8 A+ R) v- B) P4 |
岩石的柱形抗内压胀裂试验 hollow cylinder burst test M3 k# x, U* O8 |2 M- x
岩石的常规抗压缩强度rock compressive strength
1 L4 I& H Y/ x: b& W岩石的捣碎法压缩试验 crushing compression test for rock/ k" s3 ]9 _$ ?( g, j3 }8 U
岩石抗压入破碎强度rock fragmenting strength d) s" R8 }; l- o9 r0 z
压模静压入static impact test* W% L9 R( O8 Z7 y$ g
压力面pressure face3 q* U; y# Y" [ y
等剪应力球面 isoshear sphere8 l3 z2 z& L4 |
压模压入岩石时的变形曲线 force-penetration curve
2 J3 Q! f* e: E7 d岩石的抗剪切强度 rock shear strengh
5 ~4 R5 U9 o: \: W* X1 m9 U. u脆性岩石 brittle rock
9 K/ @& ~4 ^; r4 Y7 [: ^. U! L2 J岩石的塑性 rock plasticity& @7 \# M2 M- R! o- k7 B
塑性岩石 plastic rock( E r$ ^3 T! h& L
岩石的塑性变形 rock plastic deformation/ `* g5 F9 c* ]; s
岩层蠕变 strata creep: ]$ a5 ^. k h, n& b
牙轮钻头承压面积 bit bearing area" K8 @( b( ]6 c5 l" |
岩石的表面破碎 rock surface fracture- W* H2 `7 A0 ^& ]0 ~
岩石的疲劳破碎 rock fatigue fracture
~/ a1 A1 B- E6 Y/ y; H岩石的体积破碎 rock volumetric fracture
1 b* f; K: F4 P, z& C地温梯度 geothermal gradient$ M7 f" E5 [4 k4 y: H% c6 g8 q
地应力 in-situ stress7 h0 J6 ^8 \* c. [. L
岩层的水平侧向应力 strata lateral stress- b+ z& k9 Y3 R7 P7 @" B
岩石的微观结构 rock micro-structure
( m) {, b! Y# q6 t7 K岩石的宏观结构 rock macro-structure! {4 R! B& f1 w1 ^
岩石的不均匀性 rock heterogeneity
, ?+ }* {3 ?2 j8 F* L岩石的各向异性 rock anisotropy
/ K4 ^( ]2 H/ ]$ g$ [, G) ~2 V* x岩石的可钻性 rock drillability
: W9 N. R) E/ m3 ], U' q9 s岩石的渗透率 rock permeability 2 m0 F' d5 k9 o6 ]- e
岩石研磨性 rock abrasive properties
! e! X% |, ? a: ?5 S（六）钻前工程 prespud operation ) M- I: H. e: r6 u2 @: j
定井位 location determination+ f. h& ?; K" U1 e$ { F
选线 route selection. v5 H5 U d0 S. U/ q+ N q; ^. q
井场 well site# N, I, _2 b2 }* q
井场布置 wellsite arrangement
1 b/ K/ }1 v4 t$ }7 m" M" D井场道路 access road at well site. z m* N9 Y, X Y' p# `
设备安装 equipment installation. l3 i9 a! o3 r8 g
圆井 cellar/ F: u/ s: g0 ]) V& k
废泥浆池 waste pit ; reserve pit' \2 a- L C6 @" o* I
泥浆罐 mud tank 0 \& Y" c A% m A0 ~) n
钻机基础 rig foundation! L& t" s; o( Q0 Y: C- z- c# V$ W
桩基础 pile-supported foundation/ z8 U7 W2 w9 } g. B& J( s/ H% }
预制基础 pre-fabricated foundation3 \, d7 {1 N: `2 E7 o. W2 T
现浇基础 foundation grouted in situ
7 ?$ n6 p" s2 n" N# a6 J钻机基础设计 rig foundation design
5 ~' J/ x6 i) i5 A) ^# j基础安装pe-fabricated foundation setting9 N+ R, G3 u3 Z) {1 H6 n
基础浇筑 foundation grouting
* U. ?% I& s# {; ?( j9 E挖基坑 foundation pit excavation
- x$ r9 ?8 o- e基础找平 foundation levelling/ y) y4 b' U/ ~8 ?
基础养护 concret foundation curing
* d% g. J. M8 r5 J井架 derrick; mast5 \ ?8 [4 Z! W( N# P S4 Y
塔形井架 pyramid mast$ w3 N* b8 Q- M/ C" S' A
自升式井架 self-erection mast
9 J, j4 S9 L2 l8 I |5 o$ L' n前开口式井架 cantilever mast
9 l/ J& C- `/ s) T桅形井架 mast/ s7 f9 G2 G4 P# k8 c: [
井架结构参数 derrick structural parameter' ]$ B/ N7 f$ Q( g2 t
井架工程高度 derrick nominal height% v) p' y. m; K/ C
井架底尺寸 derrick base size4 Q9 L, z2 R: f0 _" C f9 ?# V
二层台工程高度 monkey board nominal height
, K& o1 I ]$ K$ [) x井架大门高度 v-door height( V" i( a: o8 T0 t/ V- p7 ]$ V
井架构件 derrick member0 i$ p$ V( \; c8 Q2 o6 i2 y
井架大腿 derrick leg
9 ?0 O/ S2 N- b# t+ e底板 bottom plate
8 R' f0 L% x8 y2 a0 o4 c7 a1 t横杆 girt8 o4 q+ r( G" z# J& |/ R
斜杆 brace
; x& D0 i+ \$ G: A3 R0 S5 h4 G联接板 connection angleplate- a b& X% {- z, }# v. M
操作台 working platform9 H4 S0 J) D/ p0 C9 T
指梁 finger board5 c u3 R8 Z" g8 M4 r' R6 r
二层台 racking platform ; monkey board
+ w, e: L4 j* k& e3 d p; Q三层台 auxillary racking platform2 Z: N( u) D9 Y4 J: o* O1 u
天车台 rown safety platform; crown runaround ]' C# d! {8 U, U5 p
天车台人字架 gin pole
6 j* e! A: E8 P: `立管台 standpipe board
+ o3 g) U" ?/ k9 l2 S( r$ D井架绷绳 derrick guy line # }! Q! X3 ?# W# h" D. W/ U
绷绳锚 guy line anchor; deadman
6 i- v( _3 K. l6 [+ V2 Y扶梯 ladder
4 k1 E- K9 N+ H7 N- B( {钻台 derrick floor# I# V, F3 h7 a6 h
立根盒 pipe setback; setback& M4 a# z0 L- x9 c4 }3 F; @) `
井架大门 v-door7 [5 B" I) ?& k' }; h
绞车大门 drawworks window opening& d# G$ X! r \+ k/ H' q
挡风墙 wind wall
7 N/ z. _! h& X& M; E7 \塔形井架安装 pyramid derrick standing9 v5 h+ ]9 o! G( i) q
运井架 derrick members transportation 0 M2 @% b$ m' x- n- }4 I+ ^
整理井架 rip spotting
$ b/ L+ s# S8 B穿钢丝绳 stringing up; string up
W/ D! J: u; b" L9 d! y. H7 ~( F# A起天车 crown block hoisting
7 k6 `! i9 l# c放天车 crown block dismounting
) ]/ g7 j6 u! |. ~高空作业手 erector work high above round
$ Y c+ ^$ d$ o7 O$ S& P/ k: }自升井架安装 erection of self-erection mast7 j! D* Z4 J' C" Z. X+ X2 B8 x! I. D& G
组装井架 mast assembling# R* D! f! z6 a7 {, F! k) _
井架支架 mast bracket
6 r' N$ t5 \: \& u% o起升井架 mast raising/ z1 V9 o/ s+ K5 x9 k
起升绳 raising line
. l( d* |% y Z8 y; k* M底座人字架 A-frame of substructure
/ p* y7 } ]1 I& y" u井架调节装置 balance-adjusting device of mast
0 [/ d9 p' B' {- Q井架缓冲器 mast damper- I" y7 p8 Z; {) a, D0 d& I1 O
整拖井架 skid-mounted derrick
+ i+ q' j% W! u2 {5 w5 p钻机整体拖运 rig skidding
! ?) {. B8 U& {5 L$ [" \5 d1 J校正井架derrick aligning
5 n6 X- U# f$ N机泵房 engine-pump housing
& L! I2 t \5 J钻井队野营房 drilling crew mobile camp
9 L l5 c- l1 M扒杆 cantilever ginpole
% T& L$ I- ?8 q3 C# v吊臂 cantilever$ w: J& o, w @0 J7 C V
座板 bottom plate
+ _4 F! `- [3 t: |/ D8 p底滑轮 bottom sheave. W' Z3 M9 E* c7 \7 J; l4 Q
臂顶滑轮cantilever top sheave
: v1 @3 s0 |, v: ^4 r变幅滑轮 cantilever to sheave4 v5 P d2 \1 R1 P" Q8 U
起重钢丝绳 hoisting line! y: y. n. u: F0 w
变幅钢丝绳 amplitude line
1 F6 K: v/ O! l& M% B/ Y8 R* o! V井架安装车 A-frame truck
8 I. U( \: M& v2 @; G尖柄吊扳手 cuspate spanner
% }, U; J+ z: ^3 s% q静力触探车 truck-mounted static probe detector
* R' q8 ^+ O% ^5 Y7 d（七）、钻头选择和使用 bit selection and application; D- E3 S: X/ E9 M
钻头选型 bit selection, g1 L2 x K- s( C$ i( F% s, u' F/ t
钻头检查 bit inspecion
# z. e5 T6 l$ |; x9 Z* X钻头使用寿命 bit life- j: [& ]! J4 d; @4 w8 \# G$ Z
钻头合理起钻时间 reasonable time to pull the bit
0 X# i! D9 V- i# D1 Q钻头过度使用 overuses of bit
8 U8 h4 d! E2 G钻头正常磨损 bit uniform wear8 Z' Q3 S% P9 V( g4 p
钻头异常磨损 bit unfavorable wear1 \; T$ y$ ]& ~/ V0 e Q/ `/ R
钻头过度磨损 bit excessive wear9 ` ?, F7 S2 L6 }. B
牙轮钻头轴承失效 bit bearing failure
# `0 R" }- [* D7 N钻头磨损分析 bit dullness analysis% t/ V* q$ j2 y. T @
牙齿的磨损分级 tooh dullness grading
7 x) F2 c& l1 Y5 ~轴承磨损分级 bearing wear grading
! n; a% h8 P$ t; ?% n5 ?, A钻头直径磨损 bit gage wear
. M N- l! h/ V' l8 L3 Z% I! D钻头磨损特征 dull bit appearance2 e. F' E4 }, ~0 {! e
牙齿折断 tooth breakage S' u5 F, b' D
牙齿脱落 lost teeth
) p% O- d5 E+ L4 j& j3 o3 A: r牙齿磨损 tooth wear8 i& `, C5 _, R9 o3 G7 e$ L5 `4 D4 O- C8 _
牙轮掉落 cone lossing
- F3 B( y E( k1 S牙轮破裂 cone cracking
9 E& l G+ M: ~+ r6 }牙轮互咬 cone interference
! _ G0 ^8 V. c! L9 x6 R牙轮冲蚀 cone-shell erosion1 `) ]% H1 _/ B( ?- f
牙轮旷动 cone shaking
% @% u9 Z) ~2 P. J6 t" u/ A牙轮卡死 cone locked- A% |* S' R1 @% ]3 R; C4 ^. h
轴承密封失效 bearing seal failure
0 C$ X* y) t9 P$ ]! J) r钻头直径磨小 bit gauge wear
) A9 L! T- O+ J l喷嘴脱落 nozzle lossing
; R/ y- T8 g2 a/ C; m2 [' w0 h! m水眼螺纹刺坏 thread puncture) c) X8 \' u6 N
水眼刺坏 water course puncture
( Y6 _4 H; b( @+ n3 Y7 ~1 L喷嘴刺坏 nozzle puncture4 }4 r( T& p5 L! {, S2 c! Z5 f
喷嘴堵塞 nozzle plugging
, A$ J/ I7 q z中心磨损严重 bit center cored out
6 s; n5 M% K+ I9 t) a巴掌断落 shirttail broking' @( j+ V, A* O" y
巴掌破裂 shirttail broking
: k" m) v% e+ e1 [5 ?" y巴掌尖磨损严重 shirt-tail severely worn out/ _( i# w: M2 y, O
钻头泥包 bit balling$ A) R* K( S. ^6 z/ f4 Z
井底落物损坏 damage from foreign material
