钻井英语术语(2)
（八）喷射钻井 jet drilling7 ^* r; V9 h% @3 o% O
喷射钻井jet drilling& T4 V' k2 ~6 A' @
射流 jet flow
) Y9 {$ @' D' V8 |! m/ D淹没非自由射流 submerged nonfree jet
" D; C" K% f. u5 _- b, q* J# w冲击射流 impact jet
3 D3 V8 m9 f) Z* Y3 c" x7 p气蚀射流（空化射流） cavitation jet: q. n) {% N9 Q5 X
脉冲射流 pulsed jet
, P. r: E1 D' ?9 ^: R磨料射流 abrasive jet
! s( q! ]) b! P射流水力参数 jet hydraulic$ v1 f& a! d' W/ S, y/ u n
射流喷速jet velocity
! [1 q2 l! ]1 U/ g3 N- P' \6 u射流冲击力jet impact force
# a5 V; q. J! g* g射流水功率 jet hydraulic horsepower
8 ]% a! T: x0 @ P( J, p射流的极点jet stagnation point
$ m) D3 i- ]$ q4 C0 @8 ~, v射流的速度分布jet velocity distribution
* z7 V+ g. y6 i6 \5 E2 l射流的初始段 flow development region" a8 \+ x I. M! d, J8 G/ e- R* v( ~- d; k. g
射流的基本段 fully developed flow region
% b3 j5 N9 J& O2 I q0 e7 C4 a& D射流扩散角和扩散系数jet speed angle and speed coefficient0 B' L/ i; R9 r! S
射流等速核jet patential core& J: R+ p7 }' ^2 p
漫流 cross flow% R3 A( j% E# J7 Q+ F, m0 r8 B4 g" X6 O6 ?9 q
漫流速度 crossflow velocity% |& ~% H1 s! h$ m# x
射流速度降低系数 jet velocity attenuation coefficient6 Q+ Q% ~, d( @- H& }2 h3 t
射流动压力 jet dynamic pressure
/ z1 x: k2 }: m" n! G/ V& @射流动压力降低系数jet dynamic pressure attenuation coefficient
+ s0 t: h b# y o0 D7 F9 }喷射距离 jet reach
) U; ^/ r+ Q( O: {% z* E6 N* C净化井底 bottom-hole cleaning
8 I1 M0 p) E3 Z+ p! e钻头水力参数 bit hydraulic! j! h% D1 v( Z2 k
钻头压降 bit nozzle pressure-drop
3 F4 V( I% a# D8 l9 Z钻头压降系数（Kb） bit pressure drop factor
- k' l" m( w( p* y$ c# T钻头水功率 bit hydraulic horse-power, {4 x5 F2 N6 H' \+ \3 ^
钻头比水功率 bit specific hydraulic horsepower7 Q7 _9 H* b+ c1 Y D: q$ F D! x
喷嘴 nozzle+ }( a% }& l, ~3 ~) R
喷嘴流道 nozzle passageways
4 K, c- a+ ^8 \. t; `" G4 ^喷嘴流量系数 nozzle flow rate coefficient$ M3 D, J x1 f- y
等速梯形喷嘴 iso-velocity gradient nozzle4 W, k9 [1 Y9 @
流线形喷嘴 streamlined nozzle+ w9 V* w' x5 d" Z$ Q
脉冲喷嘴 pulsed nozzle
( f; w# R7 Z# i8 F$ D加长喷嘴 extended-nozzle
8 q4 Z5 ?, F3 ~) [喷嘴水力特性 nozzle hydraulic property
0 E5 \) W( N6 s/ z% k* @0 w; y喷嘴结构 nozzle configuration0 ~' `0 ~# m9 g& R/ [
喷嘴组合 nozzle combination: q4 `/ [ u; q# `) x8 w
单喷嘴 single nozzle. |8 Q' a, E0 e* s' B& o
双喷嘴 two nozzle
) v, n! G* B7 z5 o; y不等径组合喷嘴 unequal-diameter nozzle- @# F6 f, t, G6 k3 N2 o9 b! p5 [
反喷嘴 inverse nozzle$ G' j9 T0 G4 r! T1 V/ K
喷射角 impact angle
# k2 y/ g+ v" O. R- E! F喷嘴装置 nozzle arrangement
) x0 A. {9 b% A& L) {喷嘴当量直径 nozzle equivalent diameter
& s& E+ ]: A: f, k9 X# e7 U不等径喷嘴最佳直径比值 optimum diameter ratio of unequal diameter nozzles6 ~: M7 V, h0 }
钻井液循环系统 drilling fluid circulating system
4 ? K3 `8 S3 _循环压耗系数 circulating pressure loss coefficient 4 ~4 C/ b2 [8 N, ?- J/ u. T
循环压耗 circulating pressure loss' r$ @* E5 D- t# n4 W P6 {; A
临界压耗 critical pressure loss2 j% S# N7 @9 Q" g% q. n' }
环空压耗 annulus pressure loss4 i o2 p, Z" A, a, {# F( J! A& d
地面管汇压耗 pressure losses in surface equipment
+ r7 _& i& D' O0 a地面管汇 surface equipment6 c) N9 L- ]0 o4 \
钻井水力学 drilling hydraulic 2 }" }$ B! I- H) n; M: C
钻井液流态 drilling fluid flow pattern5 ^, b' |" Q7 C' q& S: O
平板层流 flat laminar flow * ]2 A2 v+ `$ }
塞流 plug flow * t J+ x- q9 R1 [. J' z
管流 pipe flow
5 i6 }+ S6 Y" _3 p' F: wZ 值 Z value
/ q# N) h8 u& o2 d; J平板度判别准数 flat plate level criterion& l6 j; b: o" S( k) l; p
喷射钻井的工作方式 working regime of jet drilling
0 [0 Y0 @/ M/ r4 F+ Y, h; ^+ q5 j. R最大钻头水功率工作方式 maximum bit horse-power working regime
/ t' b3 Q* P7 W s+ ]+ `) F最大射流冲击力工作方式 maximum jet impact force regime : e! F" @: M' c
最大射流喷速工作方式 maximum jet velocity working regime
0 m3 B2 m e) ^2 e( \经济水功率工作方式 economic hydraulic horse-power regime ) H# u' f% I! M# `$ d/ ]0 l
最优钻井液流量 optimum flow rate of drilling fluid
" L5 J- g( ]6 ~$ @, X最优喷嘴直径 optimum nozzle diameter% D% z6 [& d( v# l
临界井深和极限井深 critical and limited well depth
5 M4 }; |1 y& T5 F( F钻井泵的工作状态 drilling pump working regime 2 p# i( n3 H" y
钻井泵的最大流量工作状态（额定功率工作状态）drilling pump maximum flow rate regime
$ a3 i/ x4 d8 M% t钻井泵的调节流量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）drilling pump maximum regulated flow rate regime) S7 y+ P, u, y0 \' U7 M9 q7 d
钻井泵的临界工作条件drilling pump critical working condition3 y r% J t* b" z
钻井泵的额定压力drilling pump rated pressure6 j$ p: v" R# d# r% J/ J1 b
钻井泵的额定流量 drilling pump rated flow rate 1 |8 S5 n: u4 _. j/ _# D
钻井泵的额定冲数 drilling pump rated pumping speed1 b; B3 F( {3 q5 {
钻井泵的最大输出功率 drilling pump maximum discharge
; j9 C+ B9 w# u$ |钻井泵的特性曲线 pump charateristics! ~8 l9 J9 h; E1 L Q
钻井泵的临界特性曲线 pump critical characteristic
0 p7 |$ Q1 c. _7 V' n& z钻井泵效率 pump mechanical efficiency
+ S5 t) O! |6 O1 o5 S+ p/ B钻井泵水功率利用率 pump hydraulic power utilization efficiency
I( l3 V; f9 T6 V/ v o9 g钻井泵压力有用分配比值 pump pressure distribution ratio" k& i; ], V. W8 f1 Y
能量转换效率 energy conversion efficiency4 z+ e" f" n! J w( P
井底岩面 bottom hole patterns
0 Z" v& C+ m/ j, R! ~7 f. n" ^* F) T) x携带岩屑 cutting carrying0 F2 ^& y9 i& v3 _! r6 C; G
岩屑运移比 cutting transport ratio6 g. B) v: f- t. O% M* z' D
环空岩屑浓度 cutting concentration in annulus& J5 i* s# B. E, D' r6 c- e. ]
排屑量 cutting removal rate
! K8 D6 j% G* a# ]! T5 m9 x/ m排屑能力 lifting capacity' e5 d) _ f6 i
岩屑上返速度 cutting rising velocity
5 i6 A) a! K% C B8 Y: d l G' W最低钻井液环空返速 minimum drilling fluid annular velocity
8 v. S6 }! m% B$ v p0 \最优环空返速 optimum annular velocity
0 w& f) p+ r" J+ j" M2 I, T8 l8 ^流变性 rheological property
- i) V& E' W" E8 W$ Q流变曲线 rheological
8 n7 M, Y7 Z( j/ E流变参数 rheological parameter
, h' q$ t' W9 ]2 T n4 u稠度系数 consistency factor5 d, [9 B; p5 e( X N& t( u
流性指数 flow behavior index
1 H4 r9 t* v, H牛顿内摩擦定律 Newtonˊs law of viscosity- ~( W+ e3 }4 m$ }# r: o
……………………………….F=μ.A.(du/dy)+ [4 K7 `* D4 y$ K' N% {2 ~
流变模型 rheological model$ v0 h5 ^. p7 w4 G$ [
牛顿流型 newtonian fluid model
+ J8 I3 \2 m1 g' c2 m. c1 H非牛顿流型 non-Newtonian fluid model
& K, L6 h' K. z6 J# u1 `5 U; v宾汉塑性流型 Bingham-plastic fluid model
' F9 G$ C$ }. U3 Z! W2 s幂律流型 Power law fluid model. e/ j# Y3 A# N: K0 {
假塑性流体 pseudoplastic fluid
$ ~$ D- O4 x0 |! X$ n膨胀性流体 dilatant fluid
& v$ J$ b$ K4 m- T+ G: x$ W触变性流体 thixotropic fluid" f, j g+ v/ P5 l8 C1 o" K
震凝性流体 rheopectic fluid
" m+ a2 u+ R3 X+ y* x! `赫兹数 Hedstrom number
9 C0 j* b# P& p- Z雷诺数 Reynold’s number* |" _$ {5 O0 |0 g$ L
临界雷诺数 critical Reynold’s number
, j9 m' Q$ y, l颗粒 particle Reynold’s number& r6 \( D' }, u1 F) P2 e6 ~
范宁方程 Fanning equation9 ]1 M! |7 Q( q
范宁磨阻系数 Fanning friction coefficent2 w) y' y% n, I
Stanton 图 Stanton diagram- |0 }2 r& F3 o/ U8 S0 y6 {+ P, C
绝对粗糙度 absolute roughness _8 {0 X% k; e1 C3 U, m: L7 h% a
相对粗糙度 relative roughness) ], Z+ o& B8 l8 d& [* }3 ~
钻井液黏附常数 drilling fluid clinging constant+ z2 w# Y$ g( v9 }9 x) S, v
惯性效应 incrtia effect6 z5 T7 o( j0 {" L9 m
偏心环空 eccentric annulus+ K4 T6 F, m# F4 S# f5 A
环空偏心度 annulus eccentricity
+ ~1 Y0 N( E8 N4 P, {7 `颗粒滑落速度 particle slip velocity" k- b* v! F/ S/ v& G* o' a) f2 t! e
颗粒的自由滑落末速 particle terminal setting velocity% k- ~5 v6 O5 A' q. G
相壁效应 wall effect
# }/ Z9 x7 L3 {井底流畅 bottom-hole flow field
, r* r( T' X* P5 g不对称井底流畅 unsymmetric bottomhole flow field0 p: ~# W5 b- P2 |9 H) |- T
对称井底流畅 symmetric bottomhole flow field$ W1 [ z" F8 G4 v0 ?! q3 L
喷射钻井水力参数设计 jet drilling hydraulic program
+ @, P) w4 w0 p2 B! l/ W2 o2 a水力破岩 rock cutting by hydraulic power& I$ {1 O1 W1 b/ {6 w: i: n9 J+ S
水力和机械联合破岩 combined rock-cutting by hydraulic and mechanical power
6 B5 t* }0 B1 m; o6 w v水力可钻性曲线 hydraulic drillability curve* \' W6 p8 {- F* H' V% Z
(九)优化钻井optimized drilling
: d. Z Z( @* z" k F1 G( F5 N9 D优化钻井技术 optimum drilling technique
! H* u& s, X" e* Q钻井可控参数 controllable drilling parameter
8 g5 E# n- m8 T7 k. e) R钻井不可控参数 controllable drilling parameter
1 H8 m5 M' k; a' e4 @ |1 b钻井目标函数 penetration objective function
, Z7 o/ p" k# q6 A优选钻井参数 optimizing drilling parameter4 P" r D0 E9 _8 d
最优磨损量 optimum wear
! {' f9 K: D4 | X) M最优钻压 optimum bit weight
: t, L0 J4 Y' U6 _0 Q5 @. y最优转速 optimum rotary speed
- u, b' p- K w! @" m5 h7 W! E钻进过程的数学模型 mathematical model for drilling procedure
' b0 @; q) ]" ~! A! ~# U目标函数模式 objective funtion model
, @% {2 W& S1 c; M钻进成本模式 drilling cost model
f! H& E9 p5 s9 {钻进速度模式 drilling cost model9 ]1 X) O T2 E! \! U
二元钻速方程 bivariate drilling rate equation 5 Q$ O- b# S& T! f! g. K
多元钻速方程 multi-variate drilling rate equation
0 g9 U2 a6 w, v8 J" s' D/ }4 @8 v扬氏钻速模式 Young’s drilling rate model! I; C3 Z# C, d6 A/ X
修正扬氏模式 modified Young’s model
& O8 S* E$ H4 X, q4 F牙齿磨速模式 tooth wear equation
& y+ x% t, P3 G( J1 [+ S/ P轴承磨速模式 bit bearing wear equation
& J6 u; c+ H/ t. G" M+ l) e压差影响系数 differential pressure drilling parameter
2 F" a& U2 [8 P& f- A: g3 b8 a7 i水力参数影响系数 hydraulic drilling parameters
2 K" s) s2 \2 J" y1 }比水功率转换系数 conversion coefficient of specific hydraulic power
8 I, i+ i$ J, {齿高磨损比值 tooth height wear ratio/ V0 r; ^) J! p) M4 r
牙齿最终磨损量 final tooth wear" q2 X" m! K+ w, s u* C% z
钻压影响系数 bit weight influence coefficient! S1 Y! z7 Z8 ], ^! R/ W
转速影响系数 rotary speed influence coefficient
. T8 d, A3 c& i- ^牙齿磨损减慢系数 tooth wear influence coefficient
- S6 ^0 h+ E' i轴承磨损量 bearing wear
1 b/ ^3 y4 n6 e- ~) V+ ^进尺效果系数 drilling footage effect coefficient5 @7 z' }* g5 w6 {# I' s5 U
钻头理论寿命 theoretical bit life
3 P: g; y P9 V' I( ]% D钻头寿命系数 coefficient of bit life
1 B% n9 A/ {4 w( W/ ]- N钻头理论进尺 theoretical bit footage# J9 N1 _& K8 R, I
极限磨损量 limit wear
9 P; ~: B/ q, o1 u+ M9 L& E2 c五点法钻速试验 “five spot” drill off test2 P# z8 p, e* N% S
释放钻压法 releasing bit weight method
: @* ^ k9 U" \; F6 F9 m+ J" d门限钻压 threshold bit weight
) s5 S. r* x! n/ x) @钻压指数 bit weight exponent' T( l9 i3 p0 o+ ?) u. M
转速指数 rotary speed exponent4 i: s, { k' e9 M! A
最大允许钻压 maximum allowable weight on bit
! U( Q" R; H" o水力临界钻速和水力临界钻压 drilling rate and weight on bit under critical hydraulies6 e! Q* F; P! a% B, m
钻速系数 penetration rate factor4 Y7 Z4 P7 P6 [; \ Q; q$ x1 }
地层研磨性系数 formation abrasiveness factor
2 K9 ?6 o4 l5 w9 A; A牙齿磨损系数 tooth wear coefficient3 |: s" @+ y8 X$ v
轴承工作系数 bearing working coefficient7 s% n" I; k2 l& U l
钻进成本—工时曲线 drilling cost vs working time curve
7 R9 T5 I2 L# n' v5 M（十）、钻柱、钻井工具及仪表 drill string 、drilling tool and instrumentation' |+ h# J& u v" Q; [
钻具 drilling tool5 J4 [+ E: J* a0 W- S5 r. V
方钻杆 kelly
* r6 e* \. i a T钻杆 drill pipe
' r2 u6 S" q9 t4 O2 I铝合金钻杆 aluminium drill pipe) k3 l5 B3 P+ e" K2 V
加重钻杆 heavy wall drill pipe- p% }6 U: T3 _( s- c5 C: x
钻铤 drill collar
$ a* I# S, l2 A4 T' v* S# a螺旋钻铤spiral drill collar
1 [( c% w9 m. [3 C接头 joint(sub)
' [* Q* _/ \( M配合接头 closeover sub, I G9 s3 V) a) {& s' {
钻杆接头 drill pipe tool joint
% m- g2 m4 l$ W1 E5 z水龙头接头swivel tool joint
1 F( ~3 f1 _+ u+ [3 j; t. A8 i方钻杆保护接头 kelly saver sub
' v+ g) p, J3 H$ i ~! Q钻具组合 drill string assembly! d2 w" D- u9 t6 _
钻柱drill stem5 _' @- x6 q: j/ {( v3 q! V; d
复合钻柱 combination string& l, A% d+ f i% f* B1 s. g
满眼钻具 packed hole assembly
, x7 |; J+ @8 j0 b& i4 I( ~塔式钻具 tapered drill string6 {( m5 ]9 f$ N$ R* i: M+ @1 V8 T2 y
钟摆钻具 pendulum assembly8 u- I3 | W9 r. O. c) a. o
钻柱压曲 pipe helical buckling
/ w8 D/ h& T2 C/ ?* }切点 tangency point9 G( y; Z$ q0 S& k5 h: e
临界钻压 critical weight on bit9 b2 _! o* B4 b2 L, ^% W
钻柱运动方式 drill string motion pattern
, @# O u0 C# j, N" f钻柱受力分析drill string force analysis/ Y( i, W* G _* m8 b+ ~
钻柱拉应力drill string tensile stress
) O f Z2 Y9 J钻柱剪应力drill string shear stress
- \# E0 G& H" T5 `$ S/ `钻柱的工作状态drilling string working status
' g0 x* y/ E* N+ B' }! q& l钻柱静拉设计drill string static tensile design* ` x' R$ C' J b! J" `
拉力余量 overpull margin$ m" J6 a4 I7 Q e! V! C& o
钻杆允许下深 drill pipe rated depth) F" R( j4 P1 F+ H/ K( n% y
上紧扭矩 make up torque
/ y! [" M: \8 q" K# N" D6 R2 ~, K+ A. v最佳上紧扭矩 optimum make up torque ! \' k, Z6 w9 g. u" Q) j0 t* }
钻杆表面缺陷 drill pipe amper-fection
6 K2 t1 q4 N5 o大钳伤痕 tong mark 5 n% T' C$ S( \ T2 S5 ] ^
卡瓦伤痕 slip marking ; |# \4 O6 V; V) f& `! A
地层和井内金属碎屑的切割伤痕 notching by formation and junk ! N8 A* K$ O, |! V
井下三器 three downhole tools
" u/ M6 E" v6 e! x8 t2 O+ A稳定器（扶正器） stabilizer
& i9 ~( k- d) ^$ y s$ a: ]减振器 shock absorber
8 q, k$ N- ^ Q震击器 jar
( j% V# F2 f2 p+ C井口工具 rig tool 3 P X- x9 v+ M+ V: n& j$ x
大钳 tong
6 Z+ y0 j8 A: Z2 `吊卡 elevator slip
, u6 E7 C2 F: Z3 u" A$ {) a卡瓦 slip
1 c" y, m# I1 f9 @: P& z安全卡瓦 safety clamps
9 D& y- ?$ S0 ^2 U; D3 G' j提升短节 lift sub( r6 e/ Q; G- d% |( s
钻头装卸器 bit breake , r# T7 R1 D' E2 E
指重表 weight indicator
" x b6 ]8 S) Y3 ~' Z自动记录仪 autographic meter
2 K! d) F9 h$ }- R5 d* E7 y; e$ I转盘扭矩表 rotary table torque indicator
1 k G+ s0 ]0 [; R+ ^多参数仪 muti-parameter analyzer
: C# e( d6 _9 E" A$ q. ~综合录井仪 mud logging unit
